{"id":5119,"date":"2025-03-22T05:18:22","date_gmt":"2025-03-22T05:18:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lejournalci.org\/?p=5119"},"modified":"2025-03-22T05:18:24","modified_gmt":"2025-03-22T05:18:24","slug":"afrique-de-lest-zlecaf-ou-la-voie-a-la-securite-alimentaire-regionale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lejournalci.org\/index.php\/2025\/03\/22\/afrique-de-lest-zlecaf-ou-la-voie-a-la-securite-alimentaire-regionale\/","title":{"rendered":"Afrique de l\u2019Est: ZLECAf ou la voie \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire r\u00e9gionale"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

On exprime souvent un profond d\u00e9couragement quant \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire de l\u2019Afrique et aux perspectives du secteur agricole du continent. Mais ce pessimisme est injustifi\u00e9, selon le Directeur par int\u00e9rim du Bureau r\u00e9gional pour l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Est, de la Commission \u00e9conomique pour l\u2019Afrique (CEA), Andrew Mold<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lors d\u2019une pr\u00e9sentation sur le lien existant entre le commerce et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aux d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s au cours d\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e8nement parall\u00e8le \u00e0 la\u00a0Conf\u00e9rence des ministres de la CEA de 2025, M. Mold a cit\u00e9 le prochain rapport de la CEA intitul\u00e9 : \u00abAm\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en Afrique de l\u2019Est gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un commerce intrar\u00e9gional accru \u2013 Examen des enjeux.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soutenir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire r\u00e9gionale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce rapport soutient qu\u2019il existe une voie vers une plus grande s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en adoptant le concept de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire r\u00e9gionale collective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies pour l\u2019alimentation et l\u2019agriculture (FAO), l\u2019Afrique comptait 41\u00a0% de la population mondiale sous-aliment\u00e9e en 2023, contre 24\u00a0% en 2000. De plus, la facture des importations alimentaires de l\u2019Afrique est \u00e9lev\u00e9e, ce qui met sous pression ses rares r\u00e9serves de change. En 2023, l\u2019Afrique a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 plus de 83 milliards de dollars pour importer des denr\u00e9es alimentaires de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Afrique, un exportateur alimentaire net<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, il ne faut pas se laisser tromper par les chiffres globaux, a soutenu Mold\u00a0: c\u2019est la performance nette qui compte en fin de compte, et l\u2019Afrique reste un exportateur alimentaire tr\u00e8s important. Les exportations alimentaires vers l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du continent ont atteint pr\u00e8s de 62 milliards de dollars en 2023. Le d\u00e9ficit commercial alimentaire de l\u2019Afrique, largement pass\u00e9 inaper\u00e7u, s\u2019est nettement am\u00e9lior\u00e9 en 2023, pour atteindre 22 milliards de dollars, soit une baisse de 25 milliards de dollars en une seule ann\u00e9e. M\u00eame ce chiffre est trompeur, a-t-il soulign\u00e9, car le d\u00e9ficit est aliment\u00e9 par une poign\u00e9e de grands importateurs de produits alimentaires, principalement les pays d\u2019Afrique du Nord, le Nig\u00e9ria et l\u2019Angola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mold a reconnu que si certains pays d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Est peinent \u00e0 financer leurs importations alimentaires, le d\u00e9ficit global est relativement faible et ne repr\u00e9sente que 0,3\u00a0% du PIB r\u00e9gional. De plus, il a soulign\u00e9 le potentiel d\u2019un commerce intrar\u00e9gional accru pour am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, notamment pour les denr\u00e9es de base comme le ma\u00efs et le riz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, La Repr\u00e9sentante de la FAO pour l\u2019\u00c9thiopie,\u00a0Farayi Zimudzi, quant \u00e0 elle, a soulign\u00e9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019investir dans la R&D pour transformer la productivit\u00e9. \u00abNous devons investir dans la recherche de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 haut rendement, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de semences de cultures ou de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour le b\u00e9tail.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la forte croissance d\u00e9mographique de l\u2019Afrique soulignait l\u2019urgence d\u2019accro\u00eetre la productivit\u00e9 alimentaire. Elle a soulign\u00e9 le d\u00e9fi que repr\u00e9sente le changement climatique pour les agriculteurs et a affirm\u00e9 qu\u2019il \u00e9tait temps pour l\u2019Afrique d\u2019investir de mani\u00e8re plus strat\u00e9gique dans l\u2019irrigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab<\/strong>Nous manquons cruellement de capitaux en mati\u00e8re d\u2019irrigation sur le continent.\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a exhort\u00e9 les d\u00e9cideurs politiques \u00e0 trouver des moyens d\u2019attirer les investisseurs pour stimuler la transformation. \u00abLes gouvernements ne peuvent pas y parvenir seuls.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Directeur et Professeur-chercheur au Centre d\u2019analyse du commerce mondial du D\u00e9partement d\u2019\u00e9conomie agricole, de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Purdue,\u00a0Channing Arndt, a mis en exergue le besoin crucial de donn\u00e9es de production actualis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab<\/strong>Par donn\u00e9es actualis\u00e9es, je veux dire au moment de la r\u00e9colte. On est cens\u00e9 produire des donn\u00e9es pour que les acteurs du march\u00e9 puissent d\u00e9cider o\u00f9 acheter et o\u00f9 vendre. C\u2019est extr\u00eamement important\u00bb, a-t-il soulign\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il a indiqu\u00e9 que des donn\u00e9es de qualit\u00e9 et actualis\u00e9es donneraient aux acteurs un avantage concurrentiel. \u00abDes cabinets de conseil utilisent des donn\u00e9es satellitaires pour observer les pays africains et estimer l\u2019offre, puis ils indiquent aux grands acheteurs multinationaux vers qui se tourner\u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il a averti que si les acteurs locaux n\u2019adoptent pas ces technologies, ils continueront de perdre du terrain face aux multinationales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CEA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1958 par le Conseil \u00e9conomique et social (ECOSOC) des Nations Unies, la CEA est l\u2019une des cinq commissions r\u00e9gionales de l\u2019Institution et a pour mandat d\u2019appuyer le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et social de ses \u00c9tats membres, d\u2019encourager l\u2019int\u00e9gration r\u00e9gionale et de promouvoir la coop\u00e9ration internationale pour le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019Afrique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compos\u00e9e de 54\u00a0\u00c9tats membres, la Commission \u00e9conomique pour l\u2019Afrique (CEA) joue un double r\u00f4le en tant qu\u2019organisme r\u00e9gional de l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU) et en tant que partie int\u00e9grante du paysage institutionnel r\u00e9gional en Afrique.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Source : Zlecaf – <\/strong>Casablanca<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On exprime souvent un profond d\u00e9couragement quant \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire de l\u2019Afrique et aux perspectives du secteur agricole du continent. 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